Miscellaneous advice on using various torpedoes and PT rockets against marine targets in Aces High

Preface:

Written by: zxs a.k.a. -oklok

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Aiming PT's torpedoes:

The method of "constant bearing":

Make your PT's speed equal to that of a torpedo (39 mph; engine RPM = 23.5 unless there is wind; usually the wind is disabled in the online arena, but check if it is, because the boat will float with the wind like a balloon would). Allow a few seconds for your speed to stabilise;  every maneuver, however slight, drains some speed too, and the boat will rock side to side for a few seconds after the turn, so you will have to wait for some short time after every maneuver before you continue aiming; further on, if there is wind, you have to adjust the RPM after any and every course adjustment.

Find the approach course with which the bearing to your selected target is not changing, that is,  find the collision course for the torpedo. Launch your torpedoes when within range (see advice on range finding). That's it, basically.

Details (PT's only):

With long distance aiming, put your mouse cursor or aim your guns at the target and check if it drifts across the screen in any direction. Turn into the direction of drift. Allow 5 seconds for your boat to stabilise. Check again. Continue until the drifting stops. With practice, you can find the right course in about 5 such turns or less. At the medium range, as the distance is closing, you can watch the target grow at both ends, pixel by pixel, in the opposite directions, meaning your boat (or your torpedo) is going to collide with it; drop your torpedo, and it will.

The mouse cursor is a good aiming device but you may want to aim from the gunner position to be able to look around sometimes without losing your aim.

Aiming PT torpedoes at particular types of ships:

CV:
It is a big target so you can get a good torpedo solution from far away. It is so huge you can even aim a particular point of its hull (or aim its superstructure) from 5000 yards away, or get a torpedo solution very quickly when the range is short.

CA:
It is a bit harder to hit, yet its distinctive funnels become visible from far away. The funnels are sloping backwards so you can always tell if the target is drifting by watching the pixels at the funnels' edges.

DD:
It is, obviously, the most difficult target to hit, so you may have to come within 3000 yards, when its sloping mast becomes visible with the maximum zoom-in. Watch the pixels run up or down the mast to find out if it is drifting to the bow or to the stern, respectively.
Turn into the direction of drift until the target is stable enough.

Be careful not to come within about 1600 yards of your target, or some other ship in the fleet, as you will be shot at. After the DD's mast has become visible (3000 yards), you have no more than 1 minute left to aim, launch your torpedoes and turn away, or even less than 1 minute (sometimes considerably), depending on the approach course.

In some terrains, DD is the fleet's main ship, so you absolutely have to be able to hit it for sure. Once you have acquired that skill, however, hitting a CV or a cruiser is a piece of cake.

1. Align your plane's heading with the target's heading flying towards or away from it (view the ship's wakes if you are within 8000 yards from them: they should be pointing directly at you). Switch the autopilot-level on. Look at the compass. Your heading is the same or 180 degrees opposite of the target's heading.
2.  Fly across the target's course. The ship's hull (or wake) should be pointed directly at you while the ship is shifting through the screen's center if you manage to bring your course to 90 degrees angle-on-bow of the target's course (also, you can put the mouse cursor at the screen's center for additional reference and use the zoom-in for increased visibility and accuracy). Switch the autopilot-level on. Look at the compass. You are on the attack course. To get the target's course, add (or subtract) 90 degrees to (or from) your heading.

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note#1: If you are quite familiar with the particular fleet's formation (through offline preparation), you can sometimes determine its course with sufficient accuracy (for immediate attack) by observing it from the beam, i.e. from 90 degrees off its starboard or portside.
It is even possible sometimes to predict which course it is turning into by watching the periferal ships' evolutions.

note#2: Determining the target's course is easier, in fact, if you are low. Besides, flying "below the radar" reduces the chance of alerting your enemy.

note#3: You do not need to take those direction figures (like "90 degrees"), literally: you could be better off when thinking of directions in terms of the "recommended code" (see picture below) because that is how the directions are represented in the round compass (e.g. 90 degrees = 3 numbered sectors of the round compass >> 1 numbered sector of the round compass = 30 degrees = 5 round compass marks >> 1 round compass mark = 6 degrees). Furthermore, if you choose to advise you squadmates on the target's heading, using the recommended code can spare you the necessity of calculating the true azimuth in digits with your mates converting them back into the round compass representation. Less figures - less errors.

I suggest everybody only uses the round compass (the one with the red-pointed arrow) to avoid confusion as the "tape" flat compass repeater has a different grading (a mark is worth 5.5 degrees vs. 6 degrees in the round compass) and is often altogether illegible. Be wary, however, that the round compass is not perfect either, as the actual axis of the compass arrow is offset from the center of the dial in some planes (not all), thus producing an error of as much as about 3 degrees when your heading is N-W or S-E; it does not matter much if you are attacking a CV, but it may be enough to give you a miss by half a hull's length when attacking a destroyer in a TBM from the long range. In such cases, the flat repeater compass can be handy to make up for the error, as it does have clearly visible marks for cardinal directions.

^^^^^^^^^

When the target's course and your relative position to it are known, decide upon which board of the target you are going to attack, and put the mouse cursor at the respective spot (using the picture below or cockpit art: see "some tricks" below).

Now you are (almost) ready to start your attack run in one of the ways described below.
Why "almost"?
Well, there still is one issue you must not fail to consider whichever way of attack you choose: it is the altitude of drop.
It takes a torpedo some time to reach water after you drop it. In the meantime, it travels at your plane's speed, not at its own speed (39 or 47 mph). Torpedo reaches water almost immediately (1.5 seconds) after drop when your altitude is very low (50 feet), whereas this span is about 3 seconds when dropping from the altitude of 200 feet (minimum alt for wingies in a formation). Further on, it is 4 seconds @300feet, 5 seconds @400feet and as long as 7.5 seconds @900feet (TBM torpedoes' max practical safe drop).
Why is it important? Because the CV's arc length is about 6 degrees from ~2000 yards away (minimum safe drop distance), with that number for the destroyer being twice as small, and the bearing to the target is changing as fast as 1 degree/second.
So, if you are too high or late on the trigger, or do not compensate for that time span by dropping before the desired bearing is achieved, your torpedo may pass before the target's bow, especially if your target is a destroyer.
Take that into consideration while aiming.
 
Now start making your approach.
Here are four methods of doing it:

1. "Aim in advance":

This method can be used with any type of torpedo bomber/torpedo.

This method can be used when you know the target's course in advance.

If you can get ahead of the target off its side, do so, then go at the attack course towards your target while still far away from it(attack course=target's course + or - 90 degrees). Wait till the cursor aligns with the target: you have now found the correct angle of attack (36 or 41 degrees, depending on your plane>>type of your torpedoes), but the range is still too far. Now turn into the target and steer towards a point about 5 or 10 degrees of arc off its bow; in other words, head almost directly at the target but for 5 or 10 degrees towards the direction it is going (this way, the cursor is somewhere near the target's tail when in the maximum pilot's zoom-in). With your speed around 200 mph, you will notice the bearing to your target stays the same: in a way, it is a "collision course"; this way, you are closing the range to the target while retaining the angle of attack (36 or 41 degrees). As you are approaching the target, bring your flight parameters within the drop limits: speed (TAS)<~190mph, preferably<180mph; alt<~400ft, recommended=200ft or 130 ft, when in a formation, or ~50 ft when in a single bomber, and check what your wingies are doing. Look around for enemy's fighters near you or PT's in your flight path, just in case. Prepare to drop.

When in a Ju-88/Ki-67/B5N (fast/short range torpedoes), you are within the torpedo range as soon as you see the first tracers from the nearest destroyer (firing at you). When in a TBM (slow/long range torpedo), you acquire the range a lot earlier (see "Range finding" and "some figures" parts below). When within range, turn towards the target's bow (firmly but smoothly, when in a formation) until the cursor aligns with the tail part of the target's hull or just behind the superstructure (no zoom view).

After the drop, turn away as tightly as you can (the shortest way out of acks is towards the target's bow). You can not keep your sluggish wingies from flying quite close to the escorts, but changing your altitude a bit above and below 200 feet will make them change their altitude as well while staying fast. With luck, they can escape with little or no damage. Make sure you do not lose them altogether in the egress, though.

As soon as the immediate danger from automatic acks is over, and if situation permits, you can go to a gunner's position or outside view to watch your fish go.

"Aim in advance" is my preferred choice when attacking by visual reference, too, if I have done the offline preparation for attacking the particular type of fleet.
 
E.g., if I am flying a Ju-88, Ki-67 or B5N, and my target is the small CV fleet (the most common in AH: 1 CV, 1 CA, 4 DD's), I maneuver quite far from the target until I reach the relative position when the fleet looks as in leftmost picture below or middle picture below (the closest forward destroyer aligns in view with the furthest rear one), then turn into the target fleet etc.etc., as described above. When in a TBM, the fleet should look as in rightmost picture below at the desired angle.

There is a big advantage in this method as you approach your target along the shortest route possible, and attack immediately, leaving your enemy very little time to react. 15 seconds after those in the ships see your icon (3.6 Kyards away) your torpedoes are in the water. Unless your enemy knows enough to make a hasty use of that ships control panel to turn the fleet, count till 100, and its all over.

2. "Right angles approach" for fast/short-range torpedoes:

This method was primarily designed for practice (and preparation) attacks with torpedo bombers carrying fast/short-range torpedoes (Ju-88; Ki-67; B5N), especially for those 2 types that fly in formations.

This method can be used when you are not attacking by visual reference, and do not know the target's course beforehand. That is, you use it when you can not "aim in advance" or "aim by visual reference" for some reason, like when you have to approach your target from the stern and attack it ASAP, or when you have to attack an unfamiliar or decimated fleet or a single ship (that can not be "visually referenced").

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See picture above for variants of approach. All of them are especially intended for use with formations of bombers, when you can not turn tightly. As you may notice, those patterns have something in common with the landing pattern of an airport. Pay attention to the 30-seconds "crosswind" section: you cross the target's course behind its stern or well ahead of its bow (you can determine your target's course and your attack course that way). After you have crossed the target's course line, keep moving on for 30 seconds at ~200mph (you will cover about 3000 yards) then turn along the target's course, keeping your wingies with you as you turn. This will give you sufficient space to turn the whole formation into the attack course, later on, without getting too close to the target's acks. Inspect the screenshots of the artificial horizon and VSI in Approach patterns picture above. If you follow the pattern "by the book" (turn as indicated, and at the correct spots, as well as keep the recommended speed), it will bring you into the attack course after the last turn, with a few seconds to make the last hdg/alt/speed/aiming check before you drop.

The "Right angles" pattern was designed for turning at the 30-degree bank without using the rudder for the following reasons: firstly, you can be sure your wingies stay with you if you turn that way; secondly, you have some edge to press your turn a bit tighter with your wingies still staying with you, to correct for some minor mistakes in your dead-reckoning; lastly, such turn is easy to perform with only slight control inputs (some practice is recommended, though, so that you can do it automatically without looking at the gauges). Furthermore, if the co-ordinated attack tactics is to be developed (some day, sooner or later), the participants can advise each other on their positions relative to the target using the exact and clear pattern terms (just like the airport controller does when managing the air traffic). So, rather than describing his current position and probably confusing his team-mates, a player can use some clear definitions like "I'm (in)..." + "...forward/rear crosswind to port/starboard", "...port/starboard/center upwind/downwind", "...port/starboard base", "...direct approach into port/starboard", "...attack run", "evading", "going around" etc. See picture below. I see it (or some similar code) as absolutely essential to achieve the perfect timing of a co-ordinated attack.

Finding the correct spot to start turning into the attack course (turn A as in Approach patterns picture is the most important issue during your approach. You find that spot by observing the relative bearing to your selected target (A relative bearing to the target is the angle between your own course and the visual bearing to the target).

If the "30-seconds" "crosswind" section of the pattern has been done properly, I use the following "rule of the thumb" (see belowfor illustration):

When coming to the target from the stern (turn A from upwind: see above), start a smooth turn into the attack course (towards the target) as soon as you see the target at the relative bearing of 90+10=100 degrees; in other words, you look at the target using the right or left view, respectively, and you start the turn A shortly after you have ovetaken the target, i.e. shortly after the target has passed through the screen center.

When coming to the target from the bow (turn A from downwind: start a smooth turn into the attack course (towards the target) as soon as you see the target at the relative bearing of 90-40=50 degrees; in other words, you look at the target using the right or left view, respectively, and you start the turn A as soon as the target is between the 36 degrees mark for the respective board (where you have put the cursor prior to attack) and the edge of the screen.

Be advised that the screen covers an arc of 90 degrees (45 from the center to either side) without zoom, and 30 degrees (15 from the center to either side) in the maximum pilot's zoom-in view (make yourself familiar with the bearings scale in below to get the "feel" of how wide your field of view is at various zoom levels); so, 10 degrees off-center will be about 2/3 of the screen in the maximum pilot's zoom-in.

The method #2 has a big downside to it, and that is tactical: you have to spend quite a lot of time near your target (up to 3 or 4 minutes) within a relatively close range to it (~4000 yards or so). That is why I recommend you use it primarily for practice attacks offline (to practice flying a formation of bombers at tree-top level and getting visual ranges to the target, as well as to prepare those "visual reference" attacks). Online, it is only good for attacking destroyers/cruisers fleets or single ships in unfamiliar terrains.

If the CV is present, you are very likely to stir a wasps' nest, if you haven't already; besides, you allow the enemy enough time to comprehend the danger and prepare to turn the fleet. Further on, if the enemy fleet has started making some sharp evasive turns, its speed increases (up to a maximum of 41 mph immediately after a 180-degree turn, then gradually decreasing back to its normal 34 mph during some 5-7 minutes); the attacker will have to bring respective adjustments into his aiming. Then, the range of 4000 yards (or even 6000 yards, for that matter) is not safe if the fleet has a decent shooter at the controls of that automatic-proximity fuse 5 inch machine-gun; the presence of enemy's fighters and lack of escort can make this method altogether impossible.

Generally, a well-defended alerted CV fleet makes quite a difficult target for a single bomber, or, for that matter, for a number of uncoordinated single bombers. What makes it even more difficult is the fact that, with the current pretty short target recovery time, you have to deliver 3 torpedo hits on the fleet's main ship within 15 minutes or so, in order to kill it.

Tactics of a co-ordinated covered torpedo attack to overcome even the strongest defence still has to be developed for AH use. For now, most you normally achieve is disrupt the enemy's attack and frighten the CV away from your own airfield, or make it turn in place.
Fortunately, the tactics of a stealth attack and delivering a decisive 3-torpedo blow to a "visually referenced" target before you alert your enemy, combined with the "aim in advance" tactics, brings much better result, if you can find that fleet early enough.

3. "Right angles" approach for long range torpedoes:

This method was designed for use with torpedo bombers carrying slow/long range torpedoes (AH currently has only one, namely, TBM).

It is a more "liberal" variation of the "Right angles" approach described in item 2 above. It is "more liberal" in the sense that a) the TBM is not a "formation" bomber (currently), so you can turn as tightly as you choose, if you need to, without fear of wasting your wingies, and b) the TBM carries a long-range torpedo, so you may never come into the automatic acks firing range (1600 yards), or not even into the icon visibility range (3600 yards for the low-flying aircraft) from your target.

Follow the pattern and the procedure described in section "2" above, except that you can extend the "crosswind" section of the pattern up to 40 seconds or a bit more (~4000 yards) to take advantage of TBM's torpedoes' longer range, with your dropping angle being 41 degrees instead of 36. Extending the "crosswind" section will take you extra 20 seconds (10 there and 10 back) or more but, in return, it will also make you safer from fleet's 127mm human acks and may prevent enemy's gunners from seeing your icon altogether.

Alternatively, you can modify the "Right angles" pattern in the following way:

As the TBM is not a formation bomber, you can make your turns much tighter than what is described above, so:

When in the "upwind" section (i.e. coming from the stern), start a tight turn into the attack course when the target is at the relative bearing of 90+41-10=~120 degrees of the relative board; in other words, you go at the course parallel to the target's course, look at the target (right of left view), and turn 90 degrees into the target (into the attack course) as soon as the target is at the relative bearing of 10 degrees of arc closer to the screen center than the 41* aiming reticle (its about twice the distance from the 41* reticle to the screen edge).

When in the "downwind" section (i.e. coming from the bow), start a tight turn into the attack course when the target is at the relative bearing of 90-41=~50 degrees of the relative board; in other words, you go at the course opposite to the target's course, look at the target (right of left view), and turn 90 degrees into the target (into the attack course) as soon as the target is aligned with the 41* aiming reticle.

The rest is as per section "2" above.

One more thing to take advantage of in a TBM: as you do not have wingies, you can make your drop from a very low altitude (50 feet or even less). Remember: the lower you are, the smaller adjustment you have to make for the time it takes the torpedo to reach water; hence, the better accuracy you get.

Some advantages of the method: If you are attacking alone in a TBM, and there are no enemy fighters nearby, the long-range very-low-altitude attack gives you a good chance of hitting and escaping as you have both good accuracy and stealth: the fleet's gunners never see your icon when you are low and far away; they may never realise a drop has been made.


4. The "Dagger" attack in a TBM.

It is designed for TBM's only (as the title implies).

This method is rather an exercise in prowess than a practical tactic (at least when you are the only attacker), as the long range extremely low-altitude drop described in item 3 above gives you about 90% accuracy and is a lot safer, because the fleet gunners may never see your icon at all.

This method is intended to take advantage of the TBM's torpedoes' ability to be dropped from the altitude of <1000 feet and arm successfully with water impact speed of <250 mph; these generous limits let you toss that fish so it reaches water really close to the target.

With this method of attack, it is crucial that you follow the pattern precisely as described below (check it against the yellow pattern line in Approach patterns): 30-seconds "crosswind" section of the pattern; turn into the "upwind or "downwind" section (turn B) at 30 degrees of banking without using the rudder; then, if you are approaching from the stern (from the "upwind"), turn into the attack course (turn A) when the relative visual bearing to the target is about 92 degrees, i.e. you keep your heading parallel to the target's, look at the target (look left or right), and start the turn A when the target has just passed through the center of the screen; or, if you are approaching from the bow (from the "downwind"), turn into the attack course (turn A) when the relative visual bearing to the target is about 51 degree, i.e. you keep your heading 180 degrees opposite to the target's, look at the target (left or right), and start the turn A when you see the target between the cursor (that you have previously put at the aiming mark of ~33 degrees of the respective board for the "dagger" attack) and the edge of the screen; the altitude of drop is 900 feet and the speed of drop is 200 mph (in level flight). When in the attack run, drop as soon as the TBM "dagger" reticle (=your cursor on the screen) aligns with the midships of the target. You should see your target has just started firing the automatic acks at you at that moment. As the torpedo covers a significant portion of the distance to the target before reaching water (i.e. flying at 200 mph), it is essential that the drop is made from the particular distance (in contrast with other methods of attack), that is why following the pattern is essential. Offline practice is recommended so you are about as perfect as can be in following the pattern; it can also help you learn to "see" and "feel" the range to the target so you can exercise that attack without using the pattern (be warned: it may take hours to hone that method to perfection).


The advantages of this method (from offline experience) are: the escorts' automatic acks' accuracy does not seem to be good enough to achieve any hits on you during the attack (the issue of "bad luck" discarded here). After the drop, you have a wider altitude margin for evasion, e.g. you can make a half-split-S to change your heading sharply. The other advantage is that your torpedo flies towards the target for 7.5 seconds from that altitude, covering >700 yards in the meantime. It takes the torpedo less than a minute (about 52-54 seconds, to be precise) to cover the remaining 1000 yards, allowing the enemy even less time to turn the fleet away than if you were attacking with the fast torpedoes dropped low at the range of about 1600 yards.

Anticipated online tactical limitations: unless you make a zoom climb to 900 feet of altitude from "below the radar" altitude just prior to attack (after the turn B), it is very likely that enemy's fleet gunners have traced your radar dot and are getting ready to shoot at you as you approach. Probably it is easy to aim a 127mm AA proximity-fuse cannon at a single target ~2000 yards away moving at the altitude of 900 feet and at 200 mph not directly at you. Or, may be not. This leaves to be investigated.

Generally, as for now, I suppose this method can be utilised for a co-ordinated attack to restrict the target's maneuverability and distract the fleet gunners' attention from the low altitude attackers.

With the maximum pilot's zoom-in, the CV's visual representation turns from the low-resolution to the high-resolution model at the range of 4800 yards, and the CA and DD turn to the hi-resolution model at the range of 3000 yards. This fact can especially be used to your advantage when aiming the rockets (see "Aiming PT's rockets" below)

With the maximum pilot's zoom-in, CV's overhanging deck becomes visible from time to time starting at the range of ~6100 yards. If you are in a PT and your attack course is 90 degrees angle-on-bow of the target (i.e. your attack course is perpendicular to the target's course), seeing the overhanging deck of a CV means you are almost within the PT torpedoes' range: you may drop in a few seconds, if situation is urgent; if your aim is good, expect a hit in a bit less than about 4 minutes (PT torpedoes' maximum travel time).

When in a bomber with the fast torpedoes (Ju-88, Ki-67, B5N):
as soon as you see the first tracers from the closest escort (firing at you), you are within your torpedoes' range of the fleet's center.
(See also the "tricks" part of this text for advice on "extending" the torpedo range)

When in a TBM (slow torpedoes) bomber, you can attack from the longer range. This gives you some time to observe your target and estimate the range.

The ships' wakes become visible from about 8000 yards away.

There is no need for you to switch into the "Torpedoes" map every time you aim. Instead, adjust your pilot's seat so the aiming marks (36 or 41 or 0 degree, or whichever) are against some noticeable spots in the cockpit art, and memorise those spots. It does not necessarily have to be the forward view. Any other view (down, forward down, forward up, up etc.) may contain some good reference marks you can put your mouse cursor at prior to attack. E.g. the PT's pilot's dashboard view (forward down) can be adjusted so it provides some good 41 and 0 degree marks for aiming; with the aiming device properly calibrated, the 4.8K-3K rocket-aiming point is against the clipboard spot shown in Aiming by clipboard, when the clipboard is viewed with zoom off; the gunner's reticle's center is exactly 0 degrees (center of screen); and so on.

In planes, it is worthwhile to have those reference points in as many views as possible as during dusk hours some of the views can be too dark to see. Use the "move up/down/left/right" and "save the head position" keys to adjust your pilot's seat in the respective view.

Additionally, you can improve your out-of-cockpit visibility (sometimes significantly) by doing so, which holds true for any plane/vehicle you use (note: make your PzIV/Ostwind driver's head stick out of the hatch permanently by using this technique). The "move up/down/left/right" keys can often be used in-flight to clear some blind spots in the cockpit, e.g. during banking while approaching the target.

A General advice is to learn to use your windows control panel/video card properties to raise the D3D gamma (brightness) so you do not lose your vision during dusk or night hours. With many video cards (including my current RIVA TNT2), there is a good reason you do it as many D3D applications are normally too dark (much darker than the desktop).

If you are flying a formation of Ju-88 or Ki-67, the default formation is the Vee, so your torpedoes will go in the Vee as well. However, this can be changed in several ways:
1. The wingie drones will not go below some 200 feet of altitude, so if your leading plane's altitude at the drop point is less than about 100 feet, the torpedoes will go in the inverted Vee, as your torpedo will reach water earlier than those of your wingies'.
2. If your altitude is about 130 feet, the torpedoes will go in a straight front.
3. If you lower your gear prior to the attack, your wingies will form a trail behind you, so the torpedoes will go one after another. Be sure not to go too low or slow though, as one or both of your wingies may choose to land (on water) instead of following you. Also, watch that you do not damage your landing gear, as well as those of your wingies, by going too fast (when flying the Ki-67, especially).
4. If you order your wingies to change a Vee for a trail (by hitting geardown) or vice versa (by hitting gearup) and drop some 1-1.5-2 seconds after that, while your wingies are still changing formation, your torpedoes will spray slightly.
5. If your formation is a trail (the gear is down) and you are turning, the torpedoes will have a moderate spray outside your turn. If you are turning into the target, and your aim and timing are perfect, the torpedoes will hit the same point of one ship one after another.

Take the habit of checking if your wingies have formed on you before you drop as they will go outside some tight turns. When they lag behind, they run full throttle to catch up with you thus travelling faster than 200mph so their torpedoes may not arm or they may damage their landing gear if the formation is trail. When I am flying a formation, and need to turn, I bank 30 degrees (viewing the artificial horizon) and keep the VSI (vertical speed indicator) at zero. This way, the wingies stay with me in a turn.

There is a way to "extend" the effective torpedo range:

When in a Ju-88, Ki-67 or B5:
The absolute limits of a torpedo drop for the fast/short range torpedoes seem to be as follows: 1. A torpedo will fail if dropped from an altitude of 460 feet or above. 2. A torpedo will fail if it is travelling at a speed of 200 mph or above when it reaches water.
So, if you drop from the altitude of 400 feet at the speed of 175 mph (TAS), the torpedo will arm normally. It takes a torpedo about 5 seconds to reach water from the altitude of 400 feet, during which time it travels at the plane's speed. Meanwhile, it will cover about 420 yards. That makes the fast torpedo's range 2300+420=2720 yards, and you may already be turning away from the target at that radius from it when your torpedo reaches water. That will give you better chance of bringing both your sluggish wingies home undamaged. Naturally, you have to adjust your aim accordingly, i.e. drop 5 seconds before the desired bearing to the target (36 degrees) is achieved, or aim at the target's stern or behind it. The downside of this method is that you have to drop shortly before you are going to see the first tracers, so you must be good at guessing ranges.

When in a TBM:
The absolute limits of a torpedo drop for the slow/long range torpedoes seem to be as follows: 1. A torpedo will fail if dropped from an altitude of 1000 feet or above. 2. A torpedo will fail if it is travelling at a speed of 250mph or above when it reaches water.
So, if you drop from the altitude of 900 feet at the speed of 200mph (TAS), your torpedo will arm normally. It takes a torpedo about 7.5 seconds to reach water from the altitude of 900 feet. During this time the torpedo is travelling at the plane's speed so it will cover >700 yards. As the TBM's torpedo already has a range of 4500 yards, I do not think there is any need to extend that range even more. Instead, this trick is best used when making a co-ordinated attack on a defended and maneuvering target from the short range (see "TBM dagger attack" section in "Air attacks" above). If you drop when you see the first tracers from the automatic acks, your torpedo will reach water about 1000 yards from the target, and will impact within 60 seconds, leaving your enemy very little time to start turning and evade the hit.
You do not need to "extend" the range of a TBM torpedo when dropping from a long distance as automatic acks are not a problem that way. Rather, drop from the lowest altitude possible but achieve good accuracy instead. There is a big advantage to a max-range low-altitude TBM attack: enemy fleet gunners (and, probably, fighters) never see your icon so they are only alerted by an incoming torpedo, if they can spot it in time.

It is possible to hit a ship with air torpedoes head-on (use the trail formation) but the accuracy of such an attack is usually lower than that of the cross-course method, so I would not recommend you do that unless you can not attack in the regular way for some reason.

It is absolutely useless to drop your torpedoes at the target from stern as the fast torpedoes will only close the distance to the target by about 900 yards when in tailchase, and the slow ones even less so.

It is a good idea to do some "recon" of the terrain offline prior to going to the online arena. Find the fleets' spawn points, their ports' allocations, probable routes, distances and headings, passable straits etc. I would also strongly recommend finding out which is the main ship of each fleet (the one you have to kill for the fleet to go back to its port). The main ship is the one you find yourself in when moving into that fleet by clicking its icon in the clipboard map. Also, (as I have said before) a reasonable piece of preparation is making a practice attack offline against the main ship of some unconventional types of fleet (e.g. a fleet of 8 DD's in a circle), taking a snapshot of the target fleet as seen from the drop point and inspecting it closely to find some clear visual reference for aiming. You can also take a snapshot of the target from directly above to get the general idea of its formation. See Small CV 36 degrees view and Small CV 36 degrees chart as an example. This will help you to be ready to attack any moment without finding the target's course and calculating the attack course. Personally, I always attack the small CV fleet by visual reference now.

^^^^^^^^^

A note on determining the target's speed:

Currently, in AH, you know the target's speed exactly most of the time. I consider this indents into the realism, as the real-life attackers could never be sure about that essential bit of data while attacking fast targets. This very uncertainty, in my opinion, prevented the British Swordfish torpedo bombers from hitting the German battlecruisers during the "channel dash" in  February, 1942.

To make torpedo attacks 100% realistic (in terms of the attack data), a method must be developed to determine the target's speed with enough accuracy by visual observations from the air. The accuracy required should be within 2-3mph. I have not yet been able to think of any usable way to achieve that. I still wonder if it is altogether possible in the game. So, if someone can work out such a method, I would greatly appreciate being advised upon that.

Fun:
Since I started working out torpedo tactics I find fighter missions...well..boring:-) There's nothing as dynamic and thrilling (and useful for your country) as a successful torpedo attack, as you take the whole mobile enemy field away.
In a level bomber, you can achieve something that big, but only when you do something really strategic, like taking out enemy's HQ.
There is no way you can be that useful in a fighter.
After all, air force is there for moving mud and fighter arm is only a defensive appendix to it.
One more important thing: flying, navigating and aiming in a low-level bomber is good flight/3D-thinking practice.

31 January 2004
Author: zxs a.k.a. -oklok
zxs (Aces High, rooks)

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Viimeksi muokattu: 2004-02-21 18:41